![]() ![]() If you need to quote a website or other material that does not have page numbers or chapters, use any of the following location information instead: (p. Read on for more guidelines and tips for citing specific types of sources in-text. If the author of a work is named as "Anonymous," this title takes the place of the author name in the citation. For instance:Īs Garcia (2016) states in her groundbreaking work. You can also work a citation into the flow of the sentence, but the author (or title) and year always stay together. (“Article title beginning”, 2016) or ( Book title, 2011). For books, brochures, and reports, put the title in italics. ![]() (Do not pull words from the middle of the title it needs to be the first few because this is how readers will match your in-text citation to the reference list.)įor articles, chapters, and web pages, put the title in quotation marks. When a work does not have an author, use the first few words of the title of the reference in its place. The author and date of a reference appear in parentheses when referred to in the text of a paper, like this (Smith, 2016). Legal scholar Terrence Roberts offered a persuasive argument: “….”Ĭhoose a verb that is appropriate to the way you are using your source.In-text (also called parenthetical) citations follow the author-date citation system in APA style. To avoid monotony and repetition, try to vary both the language and placement of your signal phrases. Signal phrases usually come at the beginning of a sentence before the source material, but they can also occur in the middle of a source or at the end. Signal phrases usually include the author’s name but can also include the author’s job title or background (“reporter for Washington Post,” “researcher,” “senator,” “scholar,” and so on) and/or the title of the source. To avoid plagiarism: All source material must be cited, and signal phrases are one way to cite a source-however, additional citation formatting may be necessary depending on your citation style.īelow are some guidelines and tips for using signal phrases. In some cases, such as a literature review or the use of a well-known author, specific information about the source is important for the reader to know. ![]() To emphasize the source: Signal phrases call attention to the author or source being used. By marking the boundaries, you also provide a smooth transition for the reader between your words and the source. To mark boundaries: Signal phrases mark boundaries between your words and the source’s words. There are three important reasons to use signal phrases: The nutritionists Young and Robinson propose that an iron-fortified soy sauce is the solution to the anemia problem in the young women of rural China. play video games, with 21% engaging in this activity on a daily basis. The CEO of Lighthouse Consulting predicts “a year of exciting, challenging endeavors that will expand the company’s horizons and stimulate growth throughout the company.”Ī signal phrase introducing a paraphrase:Īccording to a recent survey from Pew Research Center, more than 50% of adults in the U.S. Signal phrases are short phrases that introduce a quote, paraphrase, or summary they signal to readers that an outside source is being used.
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